Sighthounds have a rich history, with origins dating back to the Middle East as well as a broader region encompassing North Africa and the Egyptian area. Several sighthound breeds were developed and valued in the Middle East, with the saluki being one of the oldest and most famous. An appreciation for sighthounds is evident in the historical records of the time, and apparent in ancient Mesopotamian art.

There are depictions of dogs resembling sighthounds on the tomb walls of ancient Egypt; these were likely pharaoh hounds, descended from the saluki breed. Sighthounds were highly prized by royalty and aristocrats as status symbols and hunting companions. Different cultures and regions practiced selective breeding. This has resulted in a diverse array of characteristics among sighthound breeds such as greyhound, whippet, Afghan hound, borzoi, saluki, azawakh, Ibizan hound, Irish wolfhound, Scottish deerhound, and Spanish galgo.

During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the Galgo Español breed was favored by Spanish nobility for its exceptional speed, agility, and keen eyesight. These periods saw an increase in the popularity and importance of hunting as a pastime and sport. In the Middle Ages, the galgo was highly regarded and used to pursue various game, including hares, deer, and wild boars. The Spanish nobility organized elaborate hunts as a display of their wealth and power.

The Renaissance period, with its emphasis on cultural and intellectual pursuits, celebrated the beauty of the galgo breed in artwork and tapestries which reflected its status as a symbol of nobility and grace. The depictions often showcased the galgos alongside their noble owners while engaged in hunting activities or leisurely pursuits. The dogs were used for coursing – a popular pastime during this era – during which they would pursue small prey across open fields.

Unfortunately, in more recent times, the breed has fallen from grace in Spain. Galgos are frequently subjected to cruelty and abuse by the hunters.